Brook Road South, TW8
Street in Brentford
Median, last 3 years
£515,000
17 sales, Jun 2023 – May 2026
Last standard sale
£731,000
5 Aug 2026
Standard sales
287
since 1995
By property type, Jun 2023 – May 2026: Terraced median £681,000 (9 sales) · Flats median £288,500 (8 sales)
Figures count standard sales only (Price Paid category A). Additional entries (category B) - repossessions, buy-to-lets with an identifiable mortgage, and purchases by companies and other non-private buyers - are listed below but flagged.
Sale history (293 records · 85 homes sold more than once)
| Address | Postcode | Date | Type | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
44, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 5 Aug 2026
· Terraced
Previously £625,000 (Nov 2020) · +17%
|
TW8 0PH | 5 Aug 2026 | Terraced | £731,000 |
|
55, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 17 Jun 2026
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £300,000 (Jun 2021) · +30%
|
TW8 0NP | 17 Jun 2026 | Flat / maisonette | £390,000 |
|
10, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 12 Jun 2026
· Terraced
Previously £720,000 (Jan 2021) · +4%
|
TW8 0NN | 12 Jun 2026 | Terraced | £750,000 |
|
106, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 5 Jun 2026
· Terraced
Previously £510,000 (Sep 2017) · +3%
|
TW8 0PH | 5 Jun 2026 | Terraced | £525,000 |
|
94, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 4 Dec 2025
· Terraced
Previously £649,950 (Oct 2023) · +10%
|
TW8 0PH | 4 Dec 2025 | Terraced | £715,000 |
|
22, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 24 Oct 2025
· Terraced
|
TW8 0NN | 24 Oct 2025 | Terraced | £515,000 |
|
45B, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 16 Oct 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £345,000 (Oct 2016) · +6%
|
TW8 0NP | 16 Oct 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £367,000 |
|
14, BROOK COURT, 81, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
Cat B
TW8 0NY · 12 Sep 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £142,500 (Aug 2003)
|
TW8 0NY | 12 Sep 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £257,000 |
|
21, BROOK COURT, 81, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NY · 2 Sep 2025
· Flat / maisonette
|
TW8 0NY | 2 Sep 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £150,000 |
|
7A, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 4 Apr 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £107,500 (Mar 2000) · +170%
|
TW8 0NN | 4 Apr 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £290,000 |
|
24, BROOK COURT, 81, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NY · 28 Mar 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £76,000 (Jun 1999) · +163%
|
TW8 0NY | 28 Mar 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £200,000 |
|
39, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 13 Mar 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £247,500 (Jan 2008) · +36%
|
TW8 0NN | 13 Mar 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £337,500 |
|
12, BROOK COURT, 81, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NY · 19 Dec 2024
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £140,000 (Nov 2013) · +59%
|
TW8 0NY | 19 Dec 2024 | Flat / maisonette | £222,000 |
|
69, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 18 Dec 2024
· Terraced
Previously £279,950 (Oct 2006) · +111%
|
TW8 0NP | 18 Dec 2024 | Terraced | £590,000 |
|
FLAT 47, BRAEMAR COURT, 83, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NA · 10 Oct 2024
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £283,050 (Aug 2015) · +2%
|
TW8 0NA | 10 Oct 2024 | Flat / maisonette | £290,000 |
|
68, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 31 May 2024
· Terraced
Previously £590,000 (Jul 2018) · +21%
|
TW8 0PH | 31 May 2024 | Terraced | £713,000 |
|
14, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 16 May 2024
· Terraced
Previously £599,950 (Nov 2018) · +4%
|
TW8 0NN | 16 May 2024 | Terraced | £625,000 |
|
13, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 1 May 2024
· Terraced
Previously £660,000 (Jun 2021) · +6%
|
TW8 0NN | 1 May 2024 | Terraced | £700,000 |
|
40, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
Cat B
TW8 0PH · 27 Feb 2024
· Other
|
TW8 0PH | 27 Feb 2024 | Other | £440,000 |
|
82, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 8 Jan 2024
· Terraced
Previously £450,000 (Aug 2013) · +51%
|
TW8 0PH | 8 Jan 2024 | Terraced | £681,000 |
|
94, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 24 Oct 2023
· Terraced
Previously £582,500 (Mar 2020) · +12%
|
TW8 0PH | 24 Oct 2023 | Terraced | £649,950 |
|
FLAT 28, BRAEMAR COURT, 83, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NA · 25 Aug 2023
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £65,000 (Dec 1998) · +342%
|
TW8 0NA | 25 Aug 2023 | Flat / maisonette | £287,000 |
|
50, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 9 Jun 2023
· Terraced
Previously £595,000 (Jan 2016) · +32%
|
TW8 0PH | 9 Jun 2023 | Terraced | £785,000 |
|
36, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 17 Jan 2023
· Terraced
Previously £105,000 (May 1997) · +471%
|
TW8 0NN | 17 Jan 2023 | Terraced | £600,000 |
|
FLAT 31, BRAEMAR COURT, 83, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NA · 28 Oct 2022
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £150,000 (Dec 2009) · +83%
|
TW8 0NA | 28 Oct 2022 | Flat / maisonette | £275,000 |
|
FLAT 43, BRAEMAR COURT, 83, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NA · 13 Sep 2022
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £220,000 (Jun 2007) · +31%
|
TW8 0NA | 13 Sep 2022 | Flat / maisonette | £287,500 |
|
62, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 5 Sep 2022
· Terraced
Previously £168,000 (Sep 2008) · +287%
|
TW8 0PH | 5 Sep 2022 | Terraced | £650,000 |
|
71, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 26 Aug 2022
· Terraced
|
TW8 0NP | 26 Aug 2022 | Terraced | £660,000 |
|
10, BROOK COURT, 81, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
Cat B
TW8 0NY · 11 Aug 2022
· Other
Previously £161,500 (Nov 2007)
|
TW8 0NY | 11 Aug 2022 | Other | £72,500 |
|
37, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 16 May 2022
· Semi-detached
Previously £555,000 (Dec 2017) · +17%
|
TW8 0NN | 16 May 2022 | Semi-detached | £648,350 |
|
15, BROOK COURT, 81, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NY · 16 Sep 2021
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £205,000 (Aug 2007) · +20%
|
TW8 0NY | 16 Sep 2021 | Flat / maisonette | £245,000 |
|
98, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 26 Aug 2021
· Semi-detached
Previously £245,000 (Nov 2011) · +115%
|
TW8 0PH | 26 Aug 2021 | Semi-detached | £527,000 |
|
55, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 30 Jun 2021
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £355,000 (Jan 2017) · −15%
|
TW8 0NP | 30 Jun 2021 | Flat / maisonette | £300,000 |
|
13, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 30 Jun 2021
· Terraced
|
TW8 0NN | 30 Jun 2021 | Terraced | £660,000 |
|
23, BROOK COURT, 81, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NY · 28 Jun 2021
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £157,500 (Nov 2002) · +75%
|
TW8 0NY | 28 Jun 2021 | Flat / maisonette | £275,000 |
|
90, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 24 Jun 2021
· Terraced
Previously £420,000 (Apr 2012) · +75%
|
TW8 0PH | 24 Jun 2021 | Terraced | £735,000 |
|
49, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 12 Mar 2021
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £365,000 (Sep 2018) · +2%
|
TW8 0NP | 12 Mar 2021 | Flat / maisonette | £371,000 |
|
10, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 22 Jan 2021
· Terraced
Previously £488,000 (Oct 2015) · +48%
|
TW8 0NN | 22 Jan 2021 | Terraced | £720,000 |
|
FLAT 39, BRAEMAR COURT, 83, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
Cat B
TW8 0NA · 11 Dec 2020
· Flat / maisonette
|
TW8 0NA | 11 Dec 2020 | Flat / maisonette | £250,000 |
|
46, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 9 Dec 2020
· Terraced
Previously £499,950 (Feb 2014) · +36%
|
TW8 0PH | 9 Dec 2020 | Terraced | £679,385 |
|
44, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 2 Nov 2020
· Terraced
Previously £395,000 (Sep 2013) · +58%
|
TW8 0PH | 2 Nov 2020 | Terraced | £625,000 |
|
66, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 5 Jun 2020
· Terraced
Previously £275,000 (Apr 2004) · +124%
|
TW8 0PH | 5 Jun 2020 | Terraced | £615,000 |
|
94, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 24 Mar 2020
· Terraced
Previously £85,000 (Dec 1995) · +585%
|
TW8 0PH | 24 Mar 2020 | Terraced | £582,500 |
|
84, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 19 Mar 2020
· Terraced
|
TW8 0PH | 19 Mar 2020 | Terraced | £525,000 |
|
39A, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 5 Jul 2019
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £345,000 (Apr 2014) · +45%
|
TW8 0NN | 5 Jul 2019 | Flat / maisonette | £500,000 |
|
80, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 4 Jul 2019
· Terraced
Previously £445,000 (Mar 2013) · +57%
|
TW8 0PH | 4 Jul 2019 | Terraced | £700,000 |
|
76, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 24 May 2019
· Terraced
Previously £425,000 (Aug 2012) · +41%
|
TW8 0PH | 24 May 2019 | Terraced | £600,000 |
|
1, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
Cat B
TW8 0NN · 24 Apr 2019
· Terraced
|
TW8 0NN | 24 Apr 2019 | Terraced | £575,000 |
|
92, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
Cat B
TW8 0PH · 5 Apr 2019
· Terraced
|
TW8 0PH | 5 Apr 2019 | Terraced | £440,000 |
|
77, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 4 Apr 2019
· Terraced
Previously £250,000 (Jan 2004) · +151%
|
TW8 0NP | 4 Apr 2019 | Terraced | £627,000 |
|
38, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 27 Mar 2019
· Terraced
Previously £695,000 (Aug 2014) · +4%
|
TW8 0NN | 27 Mar 2019 | Terraced | £725,000 |
|
25, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 8 Feb 2019
· Terraced
|
TW8 0NN | 8 Feb 2019 | Terraced | £530,000 |
|
14, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 16 Nov 2018
· Terraced
Previously £279,950 (Nov 2003) · +114%
|
TW8 0NN | 16 Nov 2018 | Terraced | £599,950 |
|
49, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 28 Sep 2018
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £215,000 (Sep 2012) · +70%
|
TW8 0NP | 28 Sep 2018 | Flat / maisonette | £365,000 |
|
53, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 24 Aug 2018
· Terraced
Previously £285,000 (Nov 2013) · +23%
|
TW8 0NP | 24 Aug 2018 | Terraced | £350,000 |
|
68, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 12 Jul 2018
· Terraced
Previously £384,000 (Nov 2013) · +54%
|
TW8 0PH | 12 Jul 2018 | Terraced | £590,000 |
|
19, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 16 Feb 2018
· Terraced
Previously £444,500 (Nov 2012) · +46%
|
TW8 0NN | 16 Feb 2018 | Terraced | £650,000 |
|
37, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 12 Dec 2017
· Semi-detached
Previously £350,000 (Nov 2012) · +59%
|
TW8 0NN | 12 Dec 2017 | Semi-detached | £555,000 |
|
106, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 1 Sep 2017
· Terraced
Previously £270,000 (Jan 2010) · +89%
|
TW8 0PH | 1 Sep 2017 | Terraced | £510,000 |
|
56, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 1 Sep 2017
· Terraced
Previously £292,000 (Mar 2006) · +95%
|
TW8 0PH | 1 Sep 2017 | Terraced | £570,000 |
|
55, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 12 Jan 2017
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £233,000 (Apr 2013) · +52%
|
TW8 0NP | 12 Jan 2017 | Flat / maisonette | £355,000 |
|
45B, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 28 Oct 2016
· Flat / maisonette
|
TW8 0NP | 28 Oct 2016 | Flat / maisonette | £345,000 |
|
FLAT 37, BRAEMAR COURT, 83, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NA · 18 Mar 2016
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £140,000 (Mar 2010) · +86%
|
TW8 0NA | 18 Mar 2016 | Flat / maisonette | £260,000 |
|
50, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 15 Jan 2016
· Terraced
Previously £305,000 (Dec 2012) · +95%
|
TW8 0PH | 15 Jan 2016 | Terraced | £595,000 |
|
48, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 8 Jan 2016
· Terraced
Previously £357,000 (Jul 2010) · +46%
|
TW8 0PH | 8 Jan 2016 | Terraced | £519,995 |
|
8, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 14 Dec 2015
· Terraced
Previously £217,500 (Mar 2007) · +198%
|
TW8 0NN | 14 Dec 2015 | Terraced | £647,500 |
|
18, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 16 Nov 2015
· Terraced
|
TW8 0NN | 16 Nov 2015 | Terraced | £475,000 |
|
10, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 16 Oct 2015
· Terraced
Previously £127,000 (Sep 1998) · +284%
|
TW8 0NN | 16 Oct 2015 | Terraced | £488,000 |
|
FLAT 42, BRAEMAR COURT, 83, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NA · 30 Sep 2015
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £127,000 (Oct 2001) · +128%
|
TW8 0NA | 30 Sep 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £290,000 |
|
7, BROOK COURT, 81, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NY · 7 Aug 2015
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £176,000 (Aug 2006) · +45%
|
TW8 0NY | 7 Aug 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £255,000 |
|
FLAT 47, BRAEMAR COURT, 83, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NA · 3 Aug 2015
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £216,000 (Sep 2007) · +31%
|
TW8 0NA | 3 Aug 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £283,050 |
|
3, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 31 Oct 2014
· Terraced
Previously £328,000 (May 2007) · +42%
|
TW8 0NN | 31 Oct 2014 | Terraced | £465,000 |
|
67, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 31 Oct 2014
· Terraced
Previously £94,500 (Jun 1996) · +376%
|
TW8 0NP | 31 Oct 2014 | Terraced | £449,950 |
|
FLAT 44, BRAEMAR COURT, 83, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NA · 27 Oct 2014
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £192,500 (Feb 2010) · +51%
|
TW8 0NA | 27 Oct 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £291,000 |
|
38, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 27 Aug 2014
· Terraced
|
TW8 0NN | 27 Aug 2014 | Terraced | £695,000 |
|
FLAT 40, BRAEMAR COURT, 83, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NA · 26 Aug 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
TW8 0NA | 26 Aug 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £235,000 |
|
108, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 18 Jul 2014
· Semi-detached
Previously £195,000 (Mar 2006) · +100%
|
TW8 0PH | 18 Jul 2014 | Semi-detached | £389,500 |
|
5, BROOK COURT, 81, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NY · 9 Jul 2014
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £220,000 (Apr 2010) · +48%
|
TW8 0NY | 9 Jul 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £325,000 |
|
11, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 10 Jun 2014
· Terraced
Previously £300,000 (Jan 2003) · +117%
|
TW8 0NN | 10 Jun 2014 | Terraced | £649,999 |
|
4, BROOK COURT, 81, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NY · 23 May 2014
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £148,000 (Apr 2004) · +30%
|
TW8 0NY | 23 May 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £192,500 |
|
39A, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 11 Apr 2014
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £63,000 (Jun 1997) · +448%
|
TW8 0NN | 11 Apr 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £345,000 |
|
9, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 28 Mar 2014
· Terraced
Previously £208,000 (May 2001) · +188%
|
TW8 0NN | 28 Mar 2014 | Terraced | £600,000 |
|
46, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 12 Feb 2014
· Terraced
|
TW8 0PH | 12 Feb 2014 | Terraced | £499,950 |
|
110, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 7 Feb 2014
· Terraced
Previously £240,000 (Jul 2004) · +68%
|
TW8 0PH | 7 Feb 2014 | Terraced | £402,000 |
|
63, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 7 Feb 2014
· Terraced
Previously £300,000 (Oct 2007) · +37%
|
TW8 0NP | 7 Feb 2014 | Terraced | £410,000 |
|
43B, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 7 Feb 2014
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £235,000 (Sep 2004) · +26%
|
TW8 0NN | 7 Feb 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £295,000 |
|
FLAT 30, BRAEMAR COURT, 83, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NA · 26 Nov 2013
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £155,000 (Jan 2012) · +13%
|
TW8 0NA | 26 Nov 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £175,000 |
|
12, BROOK COURT, 81, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NY · 26 Nov 2013
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £120,000 (Nov 2003) · +17%
|
TW8 0NY | 26 Nov 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £140,000 |
|
53, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 15 Nov 2013
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £212,500 (Aug 2012) · +34%
|
TW8 0NP | 15 Nov 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £285,000 |
|
68, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 6 Nov 2013
· Terraced
Previously £315,000 (Apr 2008) · +22%
|
TW8 0PH | 6 Nov 2013 | Terraced | £384,000 |
|
64, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 11 Oct 2013
· Terraced
Previously £364,000 (Jun 2010) · +30%
|
TW8 0PH | 11 Oct 2013 | Terraced | £472,000 |
|
41, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 8 Oct 2013
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £275,000 (Dec 2007) · +13%
|
TW8 0NN | 8 Oct 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £312,000 |
|
61, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 27 Sep 2013
· Terraced
Previously £315,000 (Jun 2007) · +25%
|
TW8 0NP | 27 Sep 2013 | Terraced | £395,000 |
|
44, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 20 Sep 2013
· Terraced
Previously £289,950 (Mar 2004) · +36%
|
TW8 0PH | 20 Sep 2013 | Terraced | £395,000 |
|
8, BROOK COURT, 81, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NY · 13 Sep 2013
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £151,000 (Sep 2004) · +16%
|
TW8 0NY | 13 Sep 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £175,000 |
|
82, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 30 Aug 2013
· Terraced
Previously £60,000 (Sep 2001) · +650%
|
TW8 0PH | 30 Aug 2013 | Terraced | £450,000 |
|
55, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NP · 5 Apr 2013
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £190,000 (Nov 2007) · +23%
|
TW8 0NP | 5 Apr 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £233,000 |
|
80, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 21 Mar 2013
· Terraced
Previously £309,950 (Feb 2006) · +44%
|
TW8 0PH | 21 Mar 2013 | Terraced | £445,000 |
|
50, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0PH · 17 Dec 2012
· Terraced
|
TW8 0PH | 17 Dec 2012 | Terraced | £305,000 |
|
20, BROOK ROAD SOUTH
TW8 0NN · 3 Dec 2012
· Terraced
Previously £89,500 (Jun 1996) · +294%
|
TW8 0NN | 3 Dec 2012 | Terraced | £353,000 |
Cat B An additional Price Paid entry (category B): a repossession, a buy-to-let with an identifiable mortgage, a purchase by a company or other non-private buyer, or a sale of another kind of property. Left out of every average.