Rothsay Street, SE1
Street in London
By property type, Jun 2023 – May 2026: Flats median £560,000 (12 sales) · Terraced sold for £710,000 and £750,000
Figures count standard sales only (Price Paid category A). Additional entries (category B) - repossessions, buy-to-lets with an identifiable mortgage, and purchases by companies and other non-private buyers - are listed below but flagged.
Sale history (104 records · 27 homes sold more than once)
| Address | Postcode | Date | Type | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
41, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UF · 22 Jan 2026
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £422,000 (Jan 2014) · +24%
|
SE1 4UF | 22 Jan 2026 | Flat / maisonette | £525,000 |
|
FLAT 208, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 15 Sep 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £240,000 (Apr 2011) · +79%
|
SE1 4BF | 15 Sep 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £430,000 |
|
FLAT 205, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 9 Sep 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £350,000 (Sep 2011) · +56%
|
SE1 4BF | 9 Sep 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £545,000 |
|
FLAT 6, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 25 Jun 2025
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 25 Jun 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £370,000 |
|
APARTMENT 1, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 6 Jun 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £627,000 (Jul 2018) · +8%
|
SE1 4UD | 6 Jun 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £675,000 |
|
FLAT 13, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 12 May 2025
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 12 May 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £425,000 |
|
FLAT 405, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 31 Mar 2025
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 31 Mar 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £580,000 |
|
APARTMENT 7, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 11 Mar 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £885,000 (Jul 2015) · −32%
|
SE1 4UD | 11 Mar 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £600,000 |
|
APARTMENT 9, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 25 Feb 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £937,500 (Jul 2015)
|
SE1 4UD | 25 Feb 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £575,000 |
|
APARTMENT 8, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 18 Oct 2024
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £900,000 (Nov 2017) · 0%
|
SE1 4UD | 18 Oct 2024 | Flat / maisonette | £900,000 |
|
FLAT 201, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 27 Sep 2024
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £250,000 (Aug 2011) · +70%
|
SE1 4BF | 27 Sep 2024 | Flat / maisonette | £425,000 |
|
44, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UE · 19 Feb 2024
· Terraced
|
SE1 4UE | 19 Feb 2024 | Terraced | £750,000 |
|
FLAT 207, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 20 Nov 2023
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 20 Nov 2023 | Flat / maisonette | £600,000 |
|
46, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UE · 15 Jul 2023
· Terraced
Previously £467,500 (Aug 2010) · +52%
|
SE1 4UE | 15 Jul 2023 | Terraced | £710,000 |
|
APARTMENT 3, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 9 Dec 2022
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £892,000 (Jul 2015) · −22%
|
SE1 4UD | 9 Dec 2022 | Flat / maisonette | £700,000 |
|
FLAT 401, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 27 Jul 2022
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 27 Jul 2022 | Flat / maisonette | £475,000 |
|
FLAT 11, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 12 May 2022
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 12 May 2022 | Flat / maisonette | £105,000 |
|
39, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UF · 24 Sep 2021
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £305,000 (Nov 2007) · +84%
|
SE1 4UF | 24 Sep 2021 | Flat / maisonette | £560,000 |
|
FLAT 204, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 30 Oct 2020
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £335,000 (Feb 2011) · +87%
|
SE1 4BF | 30 Oct 2020 | Flat / maisonette | £627,500 |
|
APARTMENT 4, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 31 Jul 2020
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £865,000 (Dec 2016) · −19%
|
SE1 4UD | 31 Jul 2020 | Flat / maisonette | £700,000 |
|
FLAT 304, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 18 Dec 2019
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £335,000 (Dec 2010) · +99%
|
SE1 4BF | 18 Dec 2019 | Flat / maisonette | £665,000 |
|
PARKING SPACE 180, BLOCK D THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
Cat B
SE1 4BF · 19 Oct 2018
· Other
|
SE1 4BF | 19 Oct 2018 | Other | £10,000 |
|
APARTMENT 1, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 23 Jul 2018
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £765,000 (Jul 2015)
|
SE1 4UD | 23 Jul 2018 | Flat / maisonette | £627,000 |
|
FLAT 17, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 16 Mar 2018
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 16 Mar 2018 | Flat / maisonette | £192,500 |
|
49, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UF · 5 Jan 2018
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UF | 5 Jan 2018 | Flat / maisonette | £537,000 |
|
APARTMENT 8, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 30 Nov 2017
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £955,000 (Jul 2015)
|
SE1 4UD | 30 Nov 2017 | Flat / maisonette | £900,000 |
|
FLAT 10, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 25 Oct 2017
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 25 Oct 2017 | Flat / maisonette | £232,000 |
|
47, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UF · 4 Aug 2017
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £346,250 (Aug 2008) · +89%
|
SE1 4UF | 4 Aug 2017 | Flat / maisonette | £655,000 |
|
FLAT 1, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 14 Jul 2017
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 14 Jul 2017 | Flat / maisonette | £132,500 |
|
APARTMENT 4, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 5 Dec 2016
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £835,000 (Jul 2015)
|
SE1 4UD | 5 Dec 2016 | Flat / maisonette | £865,000 |
|
APARTMENT 2, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 2 Dec 2016
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £630,000 (Jul 2015)
|
SE1 4UD | 2 Dec 2016 | Flat / maisonette | £765,000 |
|
2 - 6, ROTHSAY STREET
Cat B
SE1 4UD · 19 Feb 2016
· Other
Previously £678,000 (Nov 2015)
|
SE1 4UD | 19 Feb 2016 | Other | £715,000 |
|
1A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 3 Dec 2015
· Terraced
Previously £825,000 (Sep 2013) · +56%
|
SE1 4UD | 3 Dec 2015 | Terraced | £1,290,000 |
|
2 - 6, ROTHSAY STREET
Cat B
SE1 4UD · 3 Nov 2015
· Other
Previously £150,000 (Jul 2015)
|
SE1 4UD | 3 Nov 2015 | Other | £678,000 |
|
APARTMENT 3, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 30 Jul 2015
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UD | 30 Jul 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £892,000 |
|
2 - 6, ROTHSAY STREET
Cat B
SE1 4UD · 24 Jul 2015
· Other
|
SE1 4UD | 24 Jul 2015 | Other | £150,000 |
|
APARTMENT 9, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
Cat B
SE1 4UD · 9 Jul 2015
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UD | 9 Jul 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £937,500 |
|
APARTMENT 8, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
Cat B
SE1 4UD · 9 Jul 2015
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UD | 9 Jul 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £955,000 |
|
APARTMENT 4, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
Cat B
SE1 4UD · 9 Jul 2015
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UD | 9 Jul 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £835,000 |
|
APARTMENT 2, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
Cat B
SE1 4UD · 9 Jul 2015
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UD | 9 Jul 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £630,000 |
|
APARTMENT 1, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
Cat B
SE1 4UD · 9 Jul 2015
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UD | 9 Jul 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £765,000 |
|
APARTMENT 6, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 9 Jul 2015
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UD | 9 Jul 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £767,400 |
|
APARTMENT 5, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 8 Jul 2015
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UD | 8 Jul 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £800,000 |
|
APARTMENT 7, CAPACITY HOUSE, 6, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 6 Jul 2015
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UD | 6 Jul 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £885,000 |
|
43, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UF · 29 Sep 2014
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £249,950 (Nov 2006) · +77%
|
SE1 4UF | 29 Sep 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £442,000 |
|
FLAT 5, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 23 Sep 2014
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £265,000 (Nov 2012) · +52%
|
SE1 4BF | 23 Sep 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £404,000 |
|
21, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UF · 17 Sep 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UF | 17 Sep 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £475,000 |
|
FLAT 7, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 15 Sep 2014
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £240,000 (Nov 2012) · +65%
|
SE1 4BF | 15 Sep 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £395,000 |
|
FLAT 10, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
Cat B
SE1 4BF · 31 Jul 2014
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £245,000 (Nov 2012)
|
SE1 4BF | 31 Jul 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £305,555 |
|
FLAT 11, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
Cat B
SE1 4BF · 31 Jul 2014
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £225,000 (Jul 2013)
|
SE1 4BF | 31 Jul 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £305,555 |
|
24, ROTHSAY STREET
Cat B
SE1 4UE · 28 Mar 2014
· Terraced
Previously £83,000 (Jul 1996)
|
SE1 4UE | 28 Mar 2014 | Terraced | £597,000 |
|
41, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UF · 10 Jan 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UF | 10 Jan 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £422,000 |
|
1A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 20 Sep 2013
· Terraced
Previously £325,000 (Jul 2005) · +154%
|
SE1 4UD | 20 Sep 2013 | Terraced | £825,000 |
|
FLAT 11, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 25 Jul 2013
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £225,000 (Nov 2012) · 0%
|
SE1 4BF | 25 Jul 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £225,000 |
|
FLAT 16, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 25 Jul 2013
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £255,000 (Nov 2012) · 0%
|
SE1 4BF | 25 Jul 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £255,000 |
|
FLAT 13, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 25 Jul 2013
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £250,000 (Nov 2012) · 0%
|
SE1 4BF | 25 Jul 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £250,000 |
|
FLAT 1, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 8 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 8 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £210,000 |
|
FLAT 18, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 8 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 8 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £250,000 |
|
FLAT 7, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £240,000 |
|
FLAT 10, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £245,000 |
|
FLAT 15, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £255,000 |
|
FLAT 13, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £250,000 |
|
FLAT 5, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £265,000 |
|
FLAT 11, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £225,000 |
|
FLAT 17, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £250,000 |
|
FLAT 14, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £275,000 |
|
FLAT 2, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £240,000 |
|
FLAT 8, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £205,000 |
|
FLAT 16, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £255,000 |
|
FLAT 4, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £240,000 |
|
FLAT 3, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £240,000 |
|
FLAT 6, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £240,000 |
|
FLAT 12, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £225,000 |
|
FLAT 9, BLOCK D, THE JAM FACTORY, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 2 Nov 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 2 Nov 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £230,000 |
|
UNIT 19, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 25 Sep 2012
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 25 Sep 2012 | Flat / maisonette | £665,000 |
|
FLAT 205, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 19 Sep 2011
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 19 Sep 2011 | Flat / maisonette | £350,000 |
|
FLAT 201, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 25 Aug 2011
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 25 Aug 2011 | Flat / maisonette | £250,000 |
|
UNIT 20, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 27 Jun 2011
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 27 Jun 2011 | Flat / maisonette | £250,000 |
|
FLAT 306, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 15 Jun 2011
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 15 Jun 2011 | Flat / maisonette | £320,000 |
|
FLAT 406, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 10 Jun 2011
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 10 Jun 2011 | Flat / maisonette | £310,000 |
|
FLAT 408, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 19 Apr 2011
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 19 Apr 2011 | Flat / maisonette | £240,000 |
|
FLAT 208, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 15 Apr 2011
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 15 Apr 2011 | Flat / maisonette | £240,000 |
|
UNIT 24, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 17 Mar 2011
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 17 Mar 2011 | Flat / maisonette | £250,000 |
|
FLAT 403, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 18 Feb 2011
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 18 Feb 2011 | Flat / maisonette | £340,000 |
|
FLAT 204, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 4 Feb 2011
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 4 Feb 2011 | Flat / maisonette | £335,000 |
|
FLAT 202, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 26 Jan 2011
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 26 Jan 2011 | Flat / maisonette | £330,000 |
|
FLAT 304, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 9 Dec 2010
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 9 Dec 2010 | Flat / maisonette | £335,000 |
|
FLAT 404, 21A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4BF · 26 Nov 2010
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4BF | 26 Nov 2010 | Flat / maisonette | £340,000 |
|
46, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UE · 18 Aug 2010
· Terraced
Previously £182,500 (Mar 2001) · +156%
|
SE1 4UE | 18 Aug 2010 | Terraced | £467,500 |
|
47, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UF · 6 Aug 2008
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £155,000 (Oct 2000) · +123%
|
SE1 4UF | 6 Aug 2008 | Flat / maisonette | £346,250 |
|
39, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UF · 30 Nov 2007
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UF | 30 Nov 2007 | Flat / maisonette | £305,000 |
|
43, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UF · 9 Nov 2006
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £215,000 (Aug 2006) · +16%
|
SE1 4UF | 9 Nov 2006 | Flat / maisonette | £249,950 |
|
43, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UF · 7 Aug 2006
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UF | 7 Aug 2006 | Flat / maisonette | £215,000 |
|
1A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 4 Jul 2005
· Terraced
Previously £82,500 (Feb 2000) · +294%
|
SE1 4UD | 4 Jul 2005 | Terraced | £325,000 |
|
45, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UF · 16 Jul 2003
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UF | 16 Jul 2003 | Flat / maisonette | £230,000 |
|
46, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UE · 29 Mar 2001
· Terraced
|
SE1 4UE | 29 Mar 2001 | Terraced | £182,500 |
|
28, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UE · 8 Dec 2000
· Terraced
|
SE1 4UE | 8 Dec 2000 | Terraced | £230,000 |
|
47, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UF · 31 Oct 2000
· Flat / maisonette
|
SE1 4UF | 31 Oct 2000 | Flat / maisonette | £155,000 |
|
40, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UE · 11 Sep 2000
· Terraced
Previously £86,000 (Oct 1995) · +109%
|
SE1 4UE | 11 Sep 2000 | Terraced | £180,000 |
|
1A, ROTHSAY STREET
SE1 4UD · 4 Feb 2000
· Terraced
|
SE1 4UD | 4 Feb 2000 | Terraced | £82,500 |
Cat B An additional Price Paid entry (category B): a repossession, a buy-to-let with an identifiable mortgage, a purchase by a company or other non-private buyer, or a sale of another kind of property. Left out of every average.