Lucas Gardens, LU3
Street in Luton
Median, last 3 years
£172,000
25 sales, Jun 2023 – May 2026
Last standard sale
£144,000
1 May 2026
Standard sales
269
since 1995
By property type, Jun 2023 – May 2026: Flats median £160,000 (15 sales) · Terraced median £270,000 (9 sales) · Semi-detached sold for £196,000
Figures count standard sales only (Price Paid category A). Additional entries (category B) - repossessions, buy-to-lets with an identifiable mortgage, and purchases by companies and other non-private buyers - are listed below but flagged.
Sale history (274 records · 75 homes sold more than once)
| Address | Postcode | Date | Type | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
10, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 1 May 2026
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £145,000 (Jan 2022) · −1%
|
LU3 4BN | 1 May 2026 | Flat / maisonette | £144,000 |
|
28, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 23 Feb 2026
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £144,500 (Apr 2013) · +2%
|
LU3 4BN | 23 Feb 2026 | Flat / maisonette | £147,000 |
|
31, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 6 Feb 2026
· Terraced
Previously £140,000 (Dec 2004) · +107%
|
LU3 4BG | 6 Feb 2026 | Terraced | £290,000 |
|
55, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 5 Jan 2026
· Terraced
Previously £205,000 (Feb 2022) · +7%
|
LU3 4BG | 5 Jan 2026 | Terraced | £220,000 |
|
23, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 5 Dec 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £150,000 (May 2012) · −3%
|
LU3 4BN | 5 Dec 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £145,000 |
|
66, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 21 Nov 2025
· Terraced
Previously £250,000 (Mar 2022) · +8%
|
LU3 4BG | 21 Nov 2025 | Terraced | £270,000 |
|
31, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 3 Sep 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £162,500 (Jul 2015) · −17%
|
LU3 4BN | 3 Sep 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £135,000 |
|
4, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 1 Aug 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £199,000 (Aug 2019) · +6%
|
LU3 4BN | 1 Aug 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £210,000 |
|
17, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 27 Jun 2025
· Terraced
Previously £51,000 (Oct 1997) · +233%
|
LU3 4BE | 27 Jun 2025 | Terraced | £169,995 |
|
29, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 20 May 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £249,950 (Sep 2008) · −24%
|
LU3 4BN | 20 May 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £190,000 |
|
7, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 31 Mar 2025
· Flat / maisonette
|
LU3 4BN | 31 Mar 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £155,000 |
|
19, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 28 Mar 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £185,000 (Aug 2021) · +14%
|
LU3 4BE | 28 Mar 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £210,000 |
|
3, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 5 Mar 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £170,000 (Jan 2020) · −6%
|
LU3 4BN | 5 Mar 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £159,000 |
|
6, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 31 Jan 2025
· Terraced
Previously £275,000 (Jan 2021) · +18%
|
LU3 4BE | 31 Jan 2025 | Terraced | £325,000 |
|
11, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 24 Sep 2024
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £140,000 (Jul 2019) · +14%
|
LU3 4BN | 24 Sep 2024 | Flat / maisonette | £160,000 |
|
9, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 16 Aug 2024
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £191,950 (Aug 2008) · −22%
|
LU3 4BN | 16 Aug 2024 | Flat / maisonette | £150,000 |
|
47, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 19 Jul 2024
· Terraced
Previously £189,000 (May 2015) · +53%
|
LU3 4BG | 19 Jul 2024 | Terraced | £290,000 |
|
60, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 11 Jul 2024
· Terraced
Previously £140,000 (Aug 2013) · +82%
|
LU3 4BG | 11 Jul 2024 | Terraced | £255,000 |
|
1, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 14 Jun 2024
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £160,000 (Sep 2021) · 0%
|
LU3 4BN | 14 Jun 2024 | Flat / maisonette | £160,000 |
|
9, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 31 May 2024
· Terraced
Previously £130,000 (Nov 2002) · +135%
|
LU3 4BE | 31 May 2024 | Terraced | £305,000 |
|
19, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 31 May 2024
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £165,000 (Jul 2018) · −3%
|
LU3 4BN | 31 May 2024 | Flat / maisonette | £160,000 |
|
27, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 10 May 2024
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £201,950 (Jul 2008) · −21%
|
LU3 4BN | 10 May 2024 | Flat / maisonette | £160,000 |
|
18, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 25 Mar 2024
· Semi-detached
Previously £98,000 (Nov 2003) · +100%
|
LU3 4BE | 25 Mar 2024 | Semi-detached | £196,000 |
|
2, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 31 Jan 2024
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £153,450 (Jul 2010) · +12%
|
LU3 4BN | 31 Jan 2024 | Flat / maisonette | £172,000 |
|
16, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 10 Jan 2024
· Terraced
Previously £221,000 (Feb 2017) · +22%
|
LU3 4BE | 10 Jan 2024 | Terraced | £270,000 |
|
26, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 16 May 2023
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £190,000 (Nov 2017) · −8%
|
LU3 4BN | 16 May 2023 | Flat / maisonette | £175,000 |
|
6, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
Cat B
LU3 4BN · 16 Dec 2022
· Other
Previously £160,000 (Jun 2022)
|
LU3 4BN | 16 Dec 2022 | Other | £300,000 |
|
51, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 25 Nov 2022
· Terraced
Previously £114,500 (Oct 2013) · +88%
|
LU3 4BG | 25 Nov 2022 | Terraced | £215,000 |
|
6, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 30 Jun 2022
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £159,950 (May 2010) · 0%
|
LU3 4BN | 30 Jun 2022 | Flat / maisonette | £160,000 |
|
21, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 25 Apr 2022
· Flat / maisonette
|
LU3 4BN | 25 Apr 2022 | Flat / maisonette | £200,000 |
|
25, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 25 Mar 2022
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £92,500 (May 2007) · +4%
|
LU3 4BE | 25 Mar 2022 | Flat / maisonette | £96,000 |
|
66, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 18 Mar 2022
· Terraced
Previously £185,000 (Jan 2016) · +35%
|
LU3 4BG | 18 Mar 2022 | Terraced | £250,000 |
|
55, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 18 Feb 2022
· Terraced
Previously £97,250 (Sep 2003) · +111%
|
LU3 4BG | 18 Feb 2022 | Terraced | £205,000 |
|
45, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 28 Jan 2022
· Terraced
|
LU3 4BG | 28 Jan 2022 | Terraced | £285,000 |
|
10, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 21 Jan 2022
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £159,000 (Jul 2015) · −9%
|
LU3 4BN | 21 Jan 2022 | Flat / maisonette | £145,000 |
|
36, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 6 Jan 2022
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £160,000 (Dec 2014) · +3%
|
LU3 4BN | 6 Jan 2022 | Flat / maisonette | £165,000 |
|
43, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 21 Dec 2021
· Terraced
Previously £144,000 (Dec 2005) · +94%
|
LU3 4BG | 21 Dec 2021 | Terraced | £280,000 |
|
16, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 16 Dec 2021
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £179,950 (Sep 2008) · −17%
|
LU3 4BN | 16 Dec 2021 | Flat / maisonette | £150,000 |
|
11, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 26 Nov 2021
· Terraced
Previously £166,000 (May 2012) · +84%
|
LU3 4BE | 26 Nov 2021 | Terraced | £305,000 |
|
1, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 29 Sep 2021
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £160,000 (Nov 2011) · 0%
|
LU3 4BN | 29 Sep 2021 | Flat / maisonette | £160,000 |
|
23, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 29 Sep 2021
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £79,000 (May 2014) · +20%
|
LU3 4BE | 29 Sep 2021 | Flat / maisonette | £95,000 |
|
33, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 24 Sep 2021
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £161,000 (Oct 2015) · −4%
|
LU3 4BN | 24 Sep 2021 | Flat / maisonette | £155,000 |
|
19, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 18 Aug 2021
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £98,000 (Sep 2011) · +89%
|
LU3 4BE | 18 Aug 2021 | Flat / maisonette | £185,000 |
|
29, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 16 Apr 2021
· Terraced
Previously £203,000 (Dec 2015) · +16%
|
LU3 4BG | 16 Apr 2021 | Terraced | £235,000 |
|
4, LUCAS GARDENS
Cat B
LU3 4BE · 1 Apr 2021
· Terraced
|
LU3 4BE | 1 Apr 2021 | Terraced | £250,000 |
|
6, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 29 Jan 2021
· Terraced
Previously £275,000 (Apr 2017) · 0%
|
LU3 4BE | 29 Jan 2021 | Terraced | £275,000 |
|
33, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 22 Jan 2021
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £24,000 (Feb 1998) · +254%
|
LU3 4BG | 22 Jan 2021 | Flat / maisonette | £85,000 |
|
35, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 13 Jul 2020
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £184,950 (Mar 2012) · +22%
|
LU3 4BN | 13 Jul 2020 | Flat / maisonette | £225,000 |
|
44, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 13 Mar 2020
· Terraced
Previously £160,000 (Oct 2013) · +63%
|
LU3 4BG | 13 Mar 2020 | Terraced | £260,000 |
|
39, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 12 Mar 2020
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £199,950 (Mar 2012) · +8%
|
LU3 4BN | 12 Mar 2020 | Flat / maisonette | £215,000 |
|
18, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 28 Feb 2020
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £200,000 (Oct 2010) · +13%
|
LU3 4BN | 28 Feb 2020 | Flat / maisonette | £225,000 |
|
3, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 24 Jan 2020
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £175,000 (Jul 2017) · −3%
|
LU3 4BN | 24 Jan 2020 | Flat / maisonette | £170,000 |
|
39, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 26 Sep 2019
· Terraced
Previously £159,995 (May 2008) · +38%
|
LU3 4BG | 26 Sep 2019 | Terraced | £220,000 |
|
4, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 23 Aug 2019
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £232,950 (Aug 2008) · −15%
|
LU3 4BN | 23 Aug 2019 | Flat / maisonette | £199,000 |
|
22, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 9 Aug 2019
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £162,000 (Dec 2015) · −5%
|
LU3 4BN | 9 Aug 2019 | Flat / maisonette | £154,000 |
|
11, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 31 Jul 2019
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £154,950 (Jan 2010) · −10%
|
LU3 4BN | 31 Jul 2019 | Flat / maisonette | £140,000 |
|
12, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 25 Jul 2019
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £161,500 (Mar 2016) · −4%
|
LU3 4BN | 25 Jul 2019 | Flat / maisonette | £155,000 |
|
24, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 15 Jul 2019
· Flat / maisonette
|
LU3 4BN | 15 Jul 2019 | Flat / maisonette | £150,000 |
|
7, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 14 Dec 2018
· Terraced
Previously £168,000 (Jan 2007) · +59%
|
LU3 4BE | 14 Dec 2018 | Terraced | £267,000 |
|
57, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 26 Oct 2018
· Terraced
Previously £138,000 (May 2006) · +54%
|
LU3 4BG | 26 Oct 2018 | Terraced | £212,000 |
|
53, LUCAS GARDENS
Cat B
LU3 4BG · 17 Aug 2018
· Terraced
Previously £170,000 (Jan 2015)
|
LU3 4BG | 17 Aug 2018 | Terraced | £224,000 |
|
19, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 5 Jul 2018
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £150,950 (Apr 2010) · +9%
|
LU3 4BN | 5 Jul 2018 | Flat / maisonette | £165,000 |
|
50, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 10 May 2018
· Terraced
|
LU3 4BG | 10 May 2018 | Terraced | £186,500 |
|
36, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 23 Mar 2018
· Semi-detached
Previously £67,000 (Apr 2002) · +176%
|
LU3 4BG | 23 Mar 2018 | Semi-detached | £185,000 |
|
26, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 9 Nov 2017
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £160,000 (Jun 2015) · +19%
|
LU3 4BN | 9 Nov 2017 | Flat / maisonette | £190,000 |
|
30, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 3 Nov 2017
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £212,500 (Oct 2013) · +13%
|
LU3 4BN | 3 Nov 2017 | Flat / maisonette | £240,000 |
|
3, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 28 Jul 2017
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £165,000 (Feb 2015) · +6%
|
LU3 4BN | 28 Jul 2017 | Flat / maisonette | £175,000 |
|
6, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 7 Apr 2017
· Terraced
Previously £157,000 (Oct 2006) · +75%
|
LU3 4BE | 7 Apr 2017 | Terraced | £275,000 |
|
56, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 17 Mar 2017
· Terraced
|
LU3 4BG | 17 Mar 2017 | Terraced | £179,995 |
|
16, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 13 Feb 2017
· Terraced
Previously £168,000 (Sep 2014) · +32%
|
LU3 4BE | 13 Feb 2017 | Terraced | £221,000 |
|
38, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 16 Jan 2017
· Terraced
Previously £145,000 (Jan 2007) · +57%
|
LU3 4BG | 16 Jan 2017 | Terraced | £227,000 |
|
12, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 5 Jan 2017
· Terraced
Previously £109,995 (Jun 2003) · +114%
|
LU3 4BE | 5 Jan 2017 | Terraced | £235,000 |
|
79, LUCAS GARDENS
Cat B
LU3 4BG · 21 Nov 2016
· Other
|
LU3 4BG | 21 Nov 2016 | Other | £1,840,000 |
|
67, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 5 Aug 2016
· Terraced
Previously £191,000 (Nov 2015) · +13%
|
LU3 4BG | 5 Aug 2016 | Terraced | £216,000 |
|
58, LUCAS GARDENS
Cat B
LU3 4BG · 8 Jul 2016
· Terraced
Previously £125,000 (Jan 2003)
|
LU3 4BG | 8 Jul 2016 | Terraced | £209,000 |
|
49, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 16 Jun 2016
· Terraced
Previously £148,000 (Aug 2009) · +42%
|
LU3 4BG | 16 Jun 2016 | Terraced | £210,000 |
|
12, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 11 Mar 2016
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £173,950 (Oct 2009) · −7%
|
LU3 4BN | 11 Mar 2016 | Flat / maisonette | £161,500 |
|
66, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 6 Jan 2016
· Terraced
Previously £142,000 (Aug 2006) · +30%
|
LU3 4BG | 6 Jan 2016 | Terraced | £185,000 |
|
22, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 17 Dec 2015
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £174,950 (Jan 2009) · −7%
|
LU3 4BN | 17 Dec 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £162,000 |
|
29, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 14 Dec 2015
· Terraced
Previously £165,000 (Mar 2008) · +23%
|
LU3 4BG | 14 Dec 2015 | Terraced | £203,000 |
|
67, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 20 Nov 2015
· Terraced
Previously £48,000 (Jul 1995) · +298%
|
LU3 4BG | 20 Nov 2015 | Terraced | £191,000 |
|
33, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 30 Oct 2015
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £149,950 (Feb 2010) · +7%
|
LU3 4BN | 30 Oct 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £161,000 |
|
32, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 6 Oct 2015
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £199,000 (Jun 2011) · −5%
|
LU3 4BN | 6 Oct 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £190,000 |
|
10, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 29 Jul 2015
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £174,450 (Feb 2009) · −9%
|
LU3 4BN | 29 Jul 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £159,000 |
|
31, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 15 Jul 2015
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £188,950 (Aug 2008) · −14%
|
LU3 4BN | 15 Jul 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £162,500 |
|
26, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 26 Jun 2015
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £172,500 (Apr 2011) · −7%
|
LU3 4BN | 26 Jun 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £160,000 |
|
47, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 28 May 2015
· Terraced
Previously £158,000 (Feb 2008) · +20%
|
LU3 4BG | 28 May 2015 | Terraced | £189,000 |
|
13, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 27 Feb 2015
· Terraced
Previously £119,995 (Aug 2005) · +13%
|
LU3 4BE | 27 Feb 2015 | Terraced | £135,000 |
|
3, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 17 Feb 2015
· Flat / maisonette
|
LU3 4BN | 17 Feb 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £165,000 |
|
53, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 5 Jan 2015
· Terraced
Previously £134,000 (Apr 2011) · +27%
|
LU3 4BG | 5 Jan 2015 | Terraced | £170,000 |
|
36, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 19 Dec 2014
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £159,950 (Feb 2012) · 0%
|
LU3 4BN | 19 Dec 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £160,000 |
|
16, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 19 Sep 2014
· Terraced
Previously £143,500 (Jul 2009) · +17%
|
LU3 4BE | 19 Sep 2014 | Terraced | £168,000 |
|
46, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 8 Sep 2014
· Terraced
Previously £139,000 (May 2004) · +33%
|
LU3 4BG | 8 Sep 2014 | Terraced | £185,000 |
|
23, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 19 May 2014
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £74,995 (Jun 2005) · +5%
|
LU3 4BE | 19 May 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £79,000 |
|
2, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BE · 21 Mar 2014
· Terraced
Previously £170,000 (Jan 2008) · 0%
|
LU3 4BE | 21 Mar 2014 | Terraced | £170,000 |
|
62, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 8 Nov 2013
· Terraced
Previously £39,000 (Dec 1997) · +197%
|
LU3 4BG | 8 Nov 2013 | Terraced | £116,000 |
|
44, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 25 Oct 2013
· Terraced
Previously £167,000 (Aug 2011) · −4%
|
LU3 4BG | 25 Oct 2013 | Terraced | £160,000 |
|
51, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 4 Oct 2013
· Terraced
Previously £38,500 (Dec 1997) · +197%
|
LU3 4BG | 4 Oct 2013 | Terraced | £114,500 |
|
30, HUGHES COURT, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BN · 4 Oct 2013
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £209,950 (Apr 2010) · +1%
|
LU3 4BN | 4 Oct 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £212,500 |
|
60, LUCAS GARDENS
LU3 4BG · 23 Aug 2013
· Terraced
Previously £83,000 (Dec 2001) · +69%
|
LU3 4BG | 23 Aug 2013 | Terraced | £140,000 |
Cat B An additional Price Paid entry (category B): a repossession, a buy-to-let with an identifiable mortgage, a purchase by a company or other non-private buyer, or a sale of another kind of property. Left out of every average.