Lower Dagnall Street, AL3
Street in St Albans
By property type, Jun 2023 – May 2026: Terraced median £670,000 (8 sales) · Flats median £425,000 (6 sales) · Semi-detached sold for £975,000
Figures count standard sales only (Price Paid category A). Additional entries (category B) - repossessions, buy-to-lets with an identifiable mortgage, and purchases by companies and other non-private buyers - are listed below but flagged.
Sale history (140 records · 40 homes sold more than once)
| Address | Postcode | Date | Type | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
FLAT 6, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 8 May 2026
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £338,000 (Dec 2019) · +2%
|
AL3 4PE | 8 May 2026 | Flat / maisonette | £345,000 |
|
29, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PX · 2 Oct 2025
· Terraced
|
AL3 4PX | 2 Oct 2025 | Terraced | £760,000 |
|
4, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PA · 19 Sep 2025
· Terraced
Previously £475,000 (Feb 2022) · +20%
|
AL3 4PA | 19 Sep 2025 | Terraced | £569,000 |
|
FLAT 10, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 19 Sep 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £395,000 (Jun 2014)
|
AL3 4PT | 19 Sep 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £425,000 |
|
FLAT 7, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
Cat B
AL3 4PE · 16 Sep 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £400,000 (Jan 2021)
|
AL3 4PE | 16 Sep 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £395,000 |
|
23, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PS · 22 Aug 2025
· Semi-detached
Previously £810,000 (Dec 2021) · +20%
|
AL3 4PS | 22 Aug 2025 | Semi-detached | £975,000 |
|
42, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PY · 13 Jun 2025
· Terraced
Previously £440,000 (Jul 2018) · +32%
|
AL3 4PY | 13 Jun 2025 | Terraced | £580,000 |
|
31, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PX · 9 Jun 2025
· Terraced
Previously £877,000 (Nov 2023) · +3%
|
AL3 4PX | 9 Jun 2025 | Terraced | £900,000 |
|
FLAT 12, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 27 Mar 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £440,000 (Jun 2014) · −3%
|
AL3 4PT | 27 Mar 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £425,000 |
|
11, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 13 Mar 2025
· Terraced
Previously £575,000 (Apr 2013) · +37%
|
AL3 4PE | 13 Mar 2025 | Terraced | £785,000 |
|
FLAT 5, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 28 Feb 2025
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £317,000 (Jan 2023) · +9%
|
AL3 4PE | 28 Feb 2025 | Flat / maisonette | £345,000 |
|
FLAT 2, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
Cat B
AL3 4PE · 2 Jul 2024
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £382,000 (Dec 2019)
|
AL3 4PE | 2 Jul 2024 | Flat / maisonette | £381,800 |
|
FLAT 14, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 24 May 2024
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £389,950 (Jun 2014) · +22%
|
AL3 4PT | 24 May 2024 | Flat / maisonette | £475,000 |
|
FLAT 13, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 27 Nov 2023
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £465,000 (Jun 2014) · +2%
|
AL3 4PT | 27 Nov 2023 | Flat / maisonette | £475,000 |
|
31, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PX · 13 Nov 2023
· Terraced
Previously £700,000 (Mar 2019)
|
AL3 4PX | 13 Nov 2023 | Terraced | £877,000 |
|
16, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PA · 2 Oct 2023
· Terraced
Previously £345,000 (Nov 2016) · +5%
|
AL3 4PA | 2 Oct 2023 | Terraced | £362,500 |
|
32 - 34, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
Cat B
AL3 4PT · 6 Sep 2023
· Other
|
AL3 4PT | 6 Sep 2023 | Other | £550,000 |
|
46, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PY · 4 Aug 2023
· Terraced
Previously £473,000 (Mar 2018)
|
AL3 4PY | 4 Aug 2023 | Terraced | £525,000 |
|
FLAT 5, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 27 Jan 2023
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £285,000 (Jul 2013) · +11%
|
AL3 4PE | 27 Jan 2023 | Flat / maisonette | £317,000 |
|
39, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PX · 25 Jan 2023
· Detached
Previously £500,000 (Nov 2013) · +62%
|
AL3 4PX | 25 Jan 2023 | Detached | £810,000 |
|
30, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 14 Dec 2022
· Terraced
Previously £525,000 (May 2021) · +6%
|
AL3 4PT | 14 Dec 2022 | Terraced | £555,000 |
|
FLAT 3, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 24 Nov 2022
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £235,000 (Jun 2014) · +34%
|
AL3 4PT | 24 Nov 2022 | Flat / maisonette | £315,000 |
|
9, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 16 Nov 2022
· Terraced
Previously £165,000 (Mar 1999) · +406%
|
AL3 4PE | 16 Nov 2022 | Terraced | £835,000 |
|
33, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PX · 16 May 2022
· Terraced
Previously £565,000 (Feb 2019) · +139%
|
AL3 4PX | 16 May 2022 | Terraced | £1,350,000 |
|
4, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PA · 15 Feb 2022
· Terraced
Previously £274,500 (Dec 2004) · +73%
|
AL3 4PA | 15 Feb 2022 | Terraced | £475,000 |
|
23, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PS · 23 Dec 2021
· Semi-detached
Previously £770,000 (Nov 2017) · +5%
|
AL3 4PS | 23 Dec 2021 | Semi-detached | £810,000 |
|
7, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 24 Jun 2021
· Terraced
Previously £610,000 (Nov 2015) · +13%
|
AL3 4PE | 24 Jun 2021 | Terraced | £687,000 |
|
3, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 3 Jun 2021
· Terraced
Previously £467,500 (Jun 2012) · +69%
|
AL3 4PE | 3 Jun 2021 | Terraced | £790,000 |
|
12, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PA · 2 Jun 2021
· Terraced
Previously £320,000 (Jun 2014) · +42%
|
AL3 4PA | 2 Jun 2021 | Terraced | £455,000 |
|
30, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 14 May 2021
· Terraced
Previously £420,000 (Aug 2015) · +25%
|
AL3 4PT | 14 May 2021 | Terraced | £525,000 |
|
8, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PA · 14 May 2021
· Terraced
Previously £147,000 (Dec 1998) · +233%
|
AL3 4PA | 14 May 2021 | Terraced | £490,000 |
|
FLAT 8, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 4 May 2021
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £257,500 (Aug 2013) · +50%
|
AL3 4PE | 4 May 2021 | Flat / maisonette | £385,000 |
|
FLAT 8, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 7 Apr 2021
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £305,000 (Jul 2018) · +3%
|
AL3 4PT | 7 Apr 2021 | Flat / maisonette | £315,000 |
|
FLAT 7, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 27 Jan 2021
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £290,000 (Jul 2013) · +38%
|
AL3 4PE | 27 Jan 2021 | Flat / maisonette | £400,000 |
|
17, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 1 Sep 2020
· Terraced
Previously £410,000 (Nov 2011) · +56%
|
AL3 4PE | 1 Sep 2020 | Terraced | £641,000 |
|
FLAT 6, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 17 Jul 2020
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £435,000 (Jun 2014) · +21%
|
AL3 4PT | 17 Jul 2020 | Flat / maisonette | £525,000 |
|
10, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PA · 29 Jan 2020
· Terraced
Previously £133,000 (Oct 1998) · +156%
|
AL3 4PA | 29 Jan 2020 | Terraced | £340,000 |
|
FLAT 6, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 16 Dec 2019
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £280,000 (Jul 2013) · +21%
|
AL3 4PE | 16 Dec 2019 | Flat / maisonette | £338,000 |
|
FLAT 2, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
Cat B
AL3 4PE · 12 Dec 2019
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £295,000 (Aug 2013)
|
AL3 4PE | 12 Dec 2019 | Flat / maisonette | £382,000 |
|
FLAT 1, GAULTER HOUSE, 2B, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PA · 20 Nov 2019
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PA | 20 Nov 2019 | Flat / maisonette | £435,500 |
|
FLAT 3, GAULTER HOUSE, 2B, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PA · 9 Oct 2019
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PA | 9 Oct 2019 | Flat / maisonette | £485,000 |
|
31, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
Cat B
AL3 4PX · 1 Mar 2019
· Terraced
Previously £447,500 (Mar 2014)
|
AL3 4PX | 1 Mar 2019 | Terraced | £700,000 |
|
33, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PX · 12 Feb 2019
· Terraced
|
AL3 4PX | 12 Feb 2019 | Terraced | £565,000 |
|
FLAT 2, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 7 Dec 2018
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £340,000 (Jul 2014) · +10%
|
AL3 4PT | 7 Dec 2018 | Flat / maisonette | £375,000 |
|
FLAT 2, GAULTER HOUSE, 2B, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PA · 23 Nov 2018
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PA | 23 Nov 2018 | Flat / maisonette | £330,000 |
|
FLAT 9, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 16 Nov 2018
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £250,000 (Oct 2013) · +29%
|
AL3 4PE | 16 Nov 2018 | Flat / maisonette | £322,000 |
|
42, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PY · 24 Jul 2018
· Terraced
|
AL3 4PY | 24 Jul 2018 | Terraced | £440,000 |
|
FLAT 8, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 20 Jul 2018
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £250,000 (Jun 2014) · +22%
|
AL3 4PT | 20 Jul 2018 | Flat / maisonette | £305,000 |
|
46, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
Cat B
AL3 4PY · 26 Mar 2018
· Terraced
Previously £427,000 (Jul 2014)
|
AL3 4PY | 26 Mar 2018 | Terraced | £473,000 |
|
23, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PS · 15 Nov 2017
· Semi-detached
Previously £565,000 (Jan 2016) · +36%
|
AL3 4PS | 15 Nov 2017 | Semi-detached | £770,000 |
|
FLAT 10, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 16 Dec 2016
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £280,000 (Aug 2013) · +39%
|
AL3 4PE | 16 Dec 2016 | Flat / maisonette | £390,000 |
|
16, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PA · 28 Nov 2016
· Terraced
Previously £165,000 (Aug 2003) · +109%
|
AL3 4PA | 28 Nov 2016 | Terraced | £345,000 |
|
21, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PS · 22 Feb 2016
· Terraced
|
AL3 4PS | 22 Feb 2016 | Terraced | £672,150 |
|
23, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PS · 14 Jan 2016
· Semi-detached
Previously £25,000 (Jun 1996) · +2160%
|
AL3 4PS | 14 Jan 2016 | Semi-detached | £565,000 |
|
7, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 27 Nov 2015
· Terraced
Previously £200,000 (Mar 1999) · +205%
|
AL3 4PE | 27 Nov 2015 | Terraced | £610,000 |
|
30, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 20 Aug 2015
· Terraced
|
AL3 4PT | 20 Aug 2015 | Terraced | £420,000 |
|
DAGNALL HOUSE, 2, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
Cat B
AL3 4PA · 12 Aug 2015
· Other
|
AL3 4PA | 12 Aug 2015 | Other | £1,000,000 |
|
DAGNALL HOUSE, 2, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
Cat B
AL3 4PA · 12 Aug 2015
· Other
|
AL3 4PA | 12 Aug 2015 | Other | £1,000,000 |
|
FLAT 1, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 12 Jun 2015
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £280,000 (Jul 2013) · +13%
|
AL3 4PE | 12 Jun 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £317,000 |
|
FLAT 5, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 15 May 2015
· Flat / maisonette
Previously £350,000 (Jun 2014) · +7%
|
AL3 4PT | 15 May 2015 | Flat / maisonette | £375,000 |
|
2A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PA · 19 Mar 2015
· Terraced
Previously £500,000 (Apr 2014)
|
AL3 4PA | 19 Mar 2015 | Terraced | £1,225,000 |
|
5, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 27 Oct 2014
· Terraced
|
AL3 4PE | 27 Oct 2014 | Terraced | £575,000 |
|
GAULTER HOUSE, 2B, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
Cat B
AL3 4PA · 17 Oct 2014
· Other
|
AL3 4PA | 17 Oct 2014 | Other | £638,000 |
|
46, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PY · 31 Jul 2014
· Terraced
Previously £327,500 (Oct 2007) · +30%
|
AL3 4PY | 31 Jul 2014 | Terraced | £427,000 |
|
FLAT 2, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 9 Jul 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PT | 9 Jul 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £340,000 |
|
FLAT 1, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 2 Jul 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PT | 2 Jul 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £425,000 |
|
FLAT 14, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 30 Jun 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PT | 30 Jun 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £389,950 |
|
12, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PA · 20 Jun 2014
· Terraced
|
AL3 4PA | 20 Jun 2014 | Terraced | £320,000 |
|
FLAT 6, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 18 Jun 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PT | 18 Jun 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £435,000 |
|
FLAT 7, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 18 Jun 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PT | 18 Jun 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £295,000 |
|
FLAT 11, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 18 Jun 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PT | 18 Jun 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £395,000 |
|
FLAT 10, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
Cat B
AL3 4PT · 18 Jun 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PT | 18 Jun 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £395,000 |
|
FLAT 9, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
Cat B
AL3 4PT · 18 Jun 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PT | 18 Jun 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £380,000 |
|
FLAT 3, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 18 Jun 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PT | 18 Jun 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £235,000 |
|
FLAT 8, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 18 Jun 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PT | 18 Jun 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £250,000 |
|
FLAT 5, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 17 Jun 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PT | 17 Jun 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £350,000 |
|
FLAT 12, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 13 Jun 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PT | 13 Jun 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £440,000 |
|
FLAT 13, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 11 Jun 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PT | 11 Jun 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £465,000 |
|
FLAT 4, 20, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PT · 11 Jun 2014
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PT | 11 Jun 2014 | Flat / maisonette | £267,500 |
|
2A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
Cat B
AL3 4PA · 29 Apr 2014
· Terraced
|
AL3 4PA | 29 Apr 2014 | Terraced | £500,000 |
|
31, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PX · 19 Mar 2014
· Terraced
|
AL3 4PX | 19 Mar 2014 | Terraced | £447,500 |
|
39, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PX · 27 Nov 2013
· Detached
Previously £381,000 (Nov 2006) · +31%
|
AL3 4PX | 27 Nov 2013 | Detached | £500,000 |
|
FLAT 9, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 18 Oct 2013
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PE | 18 Oct 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £250,000 |
|
FLAT 3, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 4 Oct 2013
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PE | 4 Oct 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £225,000 |
|
FLAT 4, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 17 Sep 2013
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PE | 17 Sep 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £250,000 |
|
FLAT 10, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 9 Aug 2013
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PE | 9 Aug 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £280,000 |
|
FLAT 2, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 6 Aug 2013
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PE | 6 Aug 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £295,000 |
|
FLAT 8, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 2 Aug 2013
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PE | 2 Aug 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £257,500 |
|
FLAT 5, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 30 Jul 2013
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PE | 30 Jul 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £285,000 |
|
FLAT 1, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 29 Jul 2013
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PE | 29 Jul 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £280,000 |
|
FLAT 7, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 24 Jul 2013
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PE | 24 Jul 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £290,000 |
|
FLAT 6, THE OLD MEETING HOUSE, 11A, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 24 Jul 2013
· Flat / maisonette
|
AL3 4PE | 24 Jul 2013 | Flat / maisonette | £280,000 |
|
11, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 23 Apr 2013
· Terraced
Previously £451,000 (Aug 2009) · +27%
|
AL3 4PE | 23 Apr 2013 | Terraced | £575,000 |
|
44, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PY · 10 Aug 2012
· Terraced
Previously £325,000 (Jul 2006) · +11%
|
AL3 4PY | 10 Aug 2012 | Terraced | £360,000 |
|
3, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 22 Jun 2012
· Terraced
Previously £345,000 (Jun 2009) · +36%
|
AL3 4PE | 22 Jun 2012 | Terraced | £467,500 |
|
17, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 18 Nov 2011
· Terraced
Previously £289,000 (May 2004) · +42%
|
AL3 4PE | 18 Nov 2011 | Terraced | £410,000 |
|
25, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PS · 14 May 2010
· Semi-detached
Previously £399,950 (Dec 2006) · +19%
|
AL3 4PS | 14 May 2010 | Semi-detached | £475,000 |
|
37, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PX · 27 Jan 2010
· Semi-detached
Previously £195,000 (Jul 1998) · +139%
|
AL3 4PX | 27 Jan 2010 | Semi-detached | £465,750 |
|
11, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 28 Aug 2009
· Terraced
|
AL3 4PE | 28 Aug 2009 | Terraced | £451,000 |
|
3, LOWER DAGNALL STREET
AL3 4PE · 29 Jun 2009
· Terraced
Previously £310,000 (May 2005) · +11%
|
AL3 4PE | 29 Jun 2009 | Terraced | £345,000 |
Cat B An additional Price Paid entry (category B): a repossession, a buy-to-let with an identifiable mortgage, a purchase by a company or other non-private buyer, or a sale of another kind of property. Left out of every average.